IARC - GLOBOCAN 2020: Global Cancer Statistics - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

WHO - Cancer Fact Sheet - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

The Lancet - Global Cancer Burden - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31879-1/fulltext↩︎

香港癌症資料統計中心 - 香港癌症統計數字2020 - https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/statistics.html↩︎

WHO - Cancer Early Symptoms - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Global Cancer Facts - https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/global.html↩︎

IARC - Lung Cancer Statistics - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

英國癌症研究 - Breast Cancer Rates - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer↩︎

WHO - Colorectal Cancer Fact Sheet - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

PubMed - Liver Cancer in Mongolia - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33542342/↩︎

Wikipedia - Stomach Cancer Incidence - https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/胃癌↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Breast Cancer Survival Rates - https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/understanding-a-breast-cancer-diagnosis/breast-cancer-survival-rates.html↩︎

IARC - Preventable Cancers - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

The Lancet - Preventable Cancer Risk Factors - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31879-1/fulltext↩︎

WHO - Age and Cancer - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

英國癌症研究 - BRCA Mutations - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/inherited-cancer-risk/brca-genes↩︎

IARC - Gender Differences in Cancer - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

WHO - Tobacco and Cancer - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco↩︎

WHO - Alcohol and Cancer - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol↩︎

英國癌症研究 - Diet and Cancer - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/diet-and-cancer↩︎

WHO - Processed Meat and Cancer - https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Obesity and Cancer - https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/diet-physical-activity/body-weight-and-cancer-risk.html↩︎

WHO - Physical Inactivity - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity↩︎

PubMed - Helicobacter Pylori and Stomach Cancer - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33542342/↩︎

WHO - Hepatitis and Liver Cancer - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b↩︎

WHO - HPV and Cervical Cancer - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)↩︎

The Lancet - Air Pollution and Cancer - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31879-1/fulltext↩︎

英國癌症研究 - Occupational Cancer - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/occupational-cancer↩︎

IARC - Mongolia Cancer Rates - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

美國癌症協會 - US Cancer Statistics - https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2021.html↩︎

Wikipedia - Stomach Cancer in Korea - https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/胃癌↩︎

WHO - Cervical Cancer in Africa - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer↩︎

WHO - Cancer Prevention - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

澳洲衛生部 - Tobacco Control - https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/tobacco-control↩︎

香港衛生署 - Smoking Statistics - https://www.taco.gov.hk/english/statistics.html↩︎

日本厚生勞動省 - Salt Reduction Campaign - https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health-medical/health-care/diet/↩︎

歐盟委員會 - 5 A Day - https://ec.europa.eu/health/non_communicable_diseases/diet_nutrition/5aday_en↩︎

新加坡衛生部 - National Health Plan - https://www.healthhub.sg/programmes/11/National_Health_Plan↩︎

澳洲衛生部 - HPV Vaccination - https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/hpv-vaccination↩︎

台灣衛生福利部 - Hepatitis B Vaccination - https://www.hpa.gov.tw/↩︎

中國生態環境部 - Air Pollution Action Plan - https://www.mee.gov.cn/↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Breast Cancer Screening - https://www.cancer.org/healthy/find-cancer-early/cancer-screening-guidelines/american-cancer-society-guidelines-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer.html↩︎

韓國國家癌症中心 - Colorectal Cancer Screening - https://www.ncc.re.kr/english/main.ncc↩︎

英國NHS - Cervical Screening - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-screening/↩︎

美國國家癌症研究所 - Lung Cancer Screening - https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/lung-screening-trial↩︎

香港醫院管理局 - Multidisciplinary Teams - https://www.ha.org.hk/↩︎

英國NHS - Palliative Care - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/palliative-care/↩︎

芬蘭衛生研究所 - North Karelia Project - https://www.thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-expertwork/population-studies/north-karelia-project↩︎

巴西衛生部 - HPV Vaccination Program - https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br↩︎

新加坡衛生部 - Cancer Prevention Success - https://www.healthhub.sg/programmes/11/National_Health_Plan↩︎

WHO - Cancer Diagnosis Disparities - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

美國國家癌症研究所 - Gail Model - https://www.cancer.gov/breast-cancer-risk-assessment-tool↩︎

IARC - Global PET-CT Access - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

歐洲分子診斷協會 - Molecular Testing Coverage - https://www.emdn.org/↩︎

英國NHS - Breast Screening Coverage - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-screening/↩︎

印度衛生部 - Cancer Screening Challenges - https://www.mohfw.gov.in/↩︎

日本國家癌症中心 - Colorectal Screening - https://www.ncc.go.jp/en/↩︎

奈及利亞衛生部 - Cancer Services - https://www.health.gov.ng/↩︎

澳洲衛生部 - Cervical Screening - https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/cervical-cancer↩︎

肯亞衛生部 - Cervical Cancer - https://www.health.go.ke/↩︎

美國Medicare - Lung Cancer Screening Coverage - https://www.medicare.gov/↩︎

中國國家衛生健康委員會 - Cancer Services - http://www.nhc.gov.cn/↩︎

UICC - TNM Classification - https://www.uicc.org/resources/tnm↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Breast Cancer Stages - https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/understanding-a-breast-cancer-diagnosis/breast-cancer-stages.html↩︎

Guardant Health - Liquid Biopsy - https://guardanthealth.com/↩︎

Google AI - Medical Imaging - https://ai.google/research/health/↩︎

英國Genomics England - 100,000 Genomes Project - https://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/↩︎

WHO - Cancer Treatment Disparities - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

美國泌尿科協會 - Robotic Surgery - https://www.auanet.org/↩︎

歐洲乳腺外科協會 - Breast-Conserving Surgery - https://www.eusoma.org/↩︎

非洲癌症協會 - Surgical Challenges - https://www.africanoncology.org/↩︎

日本質子治療協會 - Proton Therapy Centers - https://www.jptc.gr.jp/↩︎

美國放射治療學會 - SBRT for Lung Cancer - https://www.astro.org/↩︎

IARC - Radiotherapy Access in Africa - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

美國國家癌症研究所 - Chemotherapy Advances - https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy↩︎

Novartis - Imatinib for CML - https://www.novartis.com/↩︎

美國FDA - Pembrolizumab - https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-approvals-each-month-2020↩︎

英國癌症研究 - Tamoxifen - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/cancer-drugs/tamoxifen↩︎

美國FDA - CAR-T Therapies - https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/cellular-gene-therapy-products/cellular-gene-therapy-guidance↩︎

CRISPR Therapeutics - Clinical Trials - https://www.crisprtx.com/↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Cost of Cancer Care - https://www.cancer.org/treatment/finding-and-paying-for-treatment/understanding-financial-and-legal-matters/the-cost-of-cancer-treatment.html↩︎

英國NHS - Targeted Therapy Access - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-treatment/↩︎

印度藥品監管局 - Generic Drugs - https://www.cdsco.gov.in/↩︎

肯亞衛生部 - Cancer Treatment Access - https://www.health.go.ke/↩︎

WHO - Pain Management - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/palliative-care↩︎

歐洲心理腫瘤學會 - Psychological Support - https://www.ipos-society.org/↩︎

IARC - Australia Cancer Rates - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

Wikipedia - List of Countries by Cancer Incidence - https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/各国癌症发病率列表↩︎

WHO - Cancer Mortality in Developing Countries - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer↩︎

The Lancet - Global Cancer Mortality - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31879-1/fulltext↩︎

美國國家癌症研究所 - Incidence vs Mortality - https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics↩︎

WHO - Nigeria Cancer Profile - https://www.who.int/countries/nga/↩︎

WHO - Diet and Cancer Prevention - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet↩︎

美國癌症協會 - Cancer Screening Guidelines - https://www.cancer.org/healthy/find-cancer-early/cancer-screening-guidelines/american-cancer-society-guidelines-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer.html↩︎

WHO - Vaccines for Cancer Prevention - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)↩︎

英國癌症研究 - Sun Safety - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/sun-uv-and-cancer↩︎

美國國家癌症研究所 - Hereditary Cancer - https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics↩︎

英國癌症研究 - BRCA in Ashkenazi Jews - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/inherited-cancer-risk/brca-genes↩︎

IARC - Future Cancer Burden - https://www.iarc.fr/faq/latest-global-cancer-data-2020-qa/↩︎

芬蘭衛生研究所 - Cancer Trends - https://www.thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-expertwork/population-studies/north-karelia-project↩︎

香港癌症資料統計中心 - 2020 Statistics - https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/statistics.html↩︎

香港醫院管理局 - Common Cancers - https://www.ha.org.hk/↩︎

香港癌症資料統計中心 - Survival Rates - https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/statistics.html↩︎

英國NHS - Breast Screening Effectiveness - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-screening/↩︎

美國預防服務工作組 - Colorectal Screening - https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/↩︎

WHO - Cervical Screening Impact - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer↩︎

美國國家癌症研究所 - Screening Risks - https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/screening-understanding↩︎

美國FDA - Pembrolizumab for Melanoma - https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-approvals-each-month-2020↩︎

美國臨床腫瘤學會 - Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer - https://www.asco.org/↩︎

歐洲腫瘤學會 - Immunotherapy Indications - https://www.esmo.org/↩︎

Nature Reviews - Immunotherapy Trends 2025 - https://www.nature.com/↩︎

美國FDA - Amivantamab Approval - https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-approvals-each-month-2021↩︎

Enhertu - Clinical Trial Results - https://www.enhertu.com/↩︎

Moderna - mRNA Cancer Vaccine - https://www.modernatx.com/↩︎