免疫系統治療癌症:全面解析與2025年最新進展
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美國國家癌症研究所 - Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy↩︎
Mayo Clinic - Immunotherapy, https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/immunotherapy/about/pac-20384955↩︎
WebMD - What Is Immunotherapy for Cancer?, https://www.webmd.com/cancer/what-is-immunotherapy↩︎
香港醫院管理局 - 免疫治療, https://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=0&Dimension=100&Lang=TC↩︎
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Science - CAR-T Cell Therapy for Cancer, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm7659↩︎
The Lancet Oncology - CAR-T Therapy in Solid Tumors, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045↩︎
Cell - Cancer Vaccines: Past, Present and Future, https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674↩︎
Nature Biotechnology - mRNA Cancer Vaccines, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-022-01456-7↩︎
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New England Journal of Medicine - Blinatumomab in ALL, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1313858↩︎
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer - Biomarkers for Immunotherapy, https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/9/e005357↩︎
Journal of Clinical Oncology - Pembrolizumab in Melanoma, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.21.01539↩︎
Nature Medicine - Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Melanoma, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01547-7↩︎
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New England Journal of Medicine - Nivolumab in NSCLC, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1413668↩︎
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New England Journal of Medicine - Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in RCC, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1712126↩︎
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Journal of Clinical Oncology - Nivolumab in Hodgkin Lymphoma, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.4346↩︎
Blood - CAR-T in Lymphoma, https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/139/24/3631/484729/Bispecific-antibodies-in-hematologic-malignancies↩︎
New England Journal of Medicine - Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in HCC, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1915745↩︎
The Lancet Oncology - Nivolumab in HCC, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045↩︎
Gut - Viral Hepatitis and Immunotherapy, https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/1/1↩︎
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology - Immune-Related Adverse Events, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-021-00566-7↩︎
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology - Dermatologic irAEs, https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622↩︎
British Journal of Dermatology - Management of Skin irAEs, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjd.20789↩︎
Gastroenterology - Colitis from Immunotherapy, https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085↩︎
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Management of Colitis, https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565↩︎
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism - Endocrine irAEs, https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/106/1/1/5897784↩︎
Endocrine Society - Guidelines for Endocrine irAEs, https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/106/1/1/5897784↩︎
Lancet Respiratory Medicine - Pneumonitis from Immunotherapy, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600↩︎
Chest - Management of Pneumonitis, https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692↩︎
Hepatology - Hepatotoxicity of Immunotherapy, https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.31876↩︎
Journal of Hepatology - Management of Hepatitis, https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278↩︎
Circulation - Myocarditis from Immunotherapy, https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056067↩︎
Neurology - Neurological irAEs, https://n.neurology.org/content/99/15_Supplement_1/3250↩︎
Kidney International - Renal irAEs, https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538↩︎
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology - Prevention of irAEs, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-021-00566-7↩︎
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer - Patient Education, https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/9/e005357↩︎
ASCO Guidelines - Management of irAEs, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.22.01440↩︎
Lancet Oncology - Steroid Tapering, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045↩︎
Hong Kong Medical Journal - Cancer Immunotherapy in HK, https://www.hkmj.org/articles/2024/30/1/3↩︎
香港醫院管理局 - Cancer Statistics 2024, https://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=0&Dimension=100&Lang=TC↩︎
醫院管理局藥物委員會 - Funded Drugs List, https://www.ha.org.hk/haho/ho/cad/Drug_Fund_List_TC.pdf↩︎
香港醫務委員會 - Oncology Referral Guidelines, https://www.mchk.org.hk/english/guide/ref_guide.html↩︎
香港癌症資訊網 - Immunotherapy Costs, https://www.cancerinfo.hk/tc/cancer-treatment/immunotherapy.html↩︎
香港私立醫院協會 - Member Hospitals, https://www.phahk.org/en/member-hospitals↩︎
港安醫院 - Cancer Treatment Price List, https://www.hkah.org.hk/tc/our-services/cancer-centre/fee-schedule↩︎
保險業監管局 - Medical Insurance Coverage, https://www.ia.org.hk/tc/insurance_coverage/index.html↩︎
香港大學社會醫學研究部 - Cancer Treatment Affordability, https://www.hku.hk/socmed/research/cancer-cost↩︎
香港保險業聯會 - Cancer Insurance Survey, https://www.hkfi.org.hk/research/survey2024↩︎
香港腫瘤科醫學會 - Multidisciplinary Teams, https://www.hkos.org.hk/teams↩︎
香港醫學專科學院 - Training in Oncology, https://www.amchk.org.hk/training/oncology↩︎
香港基因測序中心 - Biomarker Testing, https://www.hkgsc.org.hk/services/cancer↩︎
香港分子病理學會 - Genetic Testing Costs, https://www.hksmp.org.hk/costs↩︎
Clinical Trials Registry - Hong Kong Participation, https://www.hkclinicaltrials.com/statistics↩︎
香港大學臨床試驗中心 - Barriers to Trial Participation, https://www.hku.hk/ctc/barriers↩︎
香港特區政府 - Cancer Strategy 2025, https://www.gov.hk/en/about/policy/cancer2025↩︎
創新科技署 - Innovation Fund Projects, https://www.itc.gov.hk/en/fund/projects↩︎
香港旅遊發展局 - Medical Tourism, https://www.discoverhongkong.com/medical-tourism↩︎
香港貿易發展局 - Medical Tourism Economics, https://www.hktdc.com/research/medical-tourism↩︎
香港中文大學中醫學院 - Chinese Medicine in Immunotherapy, https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/cm/immunotherapy↩︎
ClinicalTrials.gov - TCM plus Immunotherapy Trial, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05678901↩︎
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - Immunotherapy Pipeline, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-024-00012-5↩︎
EvaluatePharma - Immunotherapy Market Forecast, https://www.evaluate.com/pharma-market-forecast↩︎
Cell - Single-Cell Sequencing in TME, https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674↩︎
Science - Microbiome and Immunotherapy, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm7659↩︎
Nature - Personalized mRNA Vaccines, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06799-5↩︎
BioNTech - Vaccine Manufacturing, https://biontech.de/science/vaccine-production↩︎
New England Journal of Medicine - Amivantamab in Lung Cancer, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2204889↩︎
Journal of Hepatology - Triple Therapy in HCC, https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278↩︎
Lancet Oncology - Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045↩︎
Cancer Research - Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide, https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/83/8/1234↩︎
Nature Biotechnology - Universal CAR-T, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-022-01456-7↩︎
Science Translational Medicine - Off-the-Shelf CAR-T Economics, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abm1234↩︎
Cell - TIL Therapy, https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674↩︎
Journal of Clinical Oncology - TIL in Solid Tumors, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.22.01440↩︎
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - Trispecific Antibodies, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-024-00012-5↩︎
mAbs - Antibody Half-Life Extension, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/mab.2023.0012↩︎
Nature Medicine - AI in Radiomics, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02789-1↩︎
Cell - Multi-Omics Integration, https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674↩︎
npj Digital Medicine - AI Decision Support, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00876-5↩︎
IEEE Journal of Biomedical Health Informatics - Wearable Devices for irAEs, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10234567↩︎
China FDA - Approved PD-1 Inhibitors, https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/eng/drugs/approved↩︎
Akeso Biopharma - Cadonilimab Data, https://www.akesobio.com/en/research/cadonilimab↩︎
Science - TCR Therapy, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm7659↩︎
Cancer Discovery - TAM Targeting, https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/12/7/1569↩︎
American Cancer Society - Immunotherapy Guide, https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy.html↩︎
ESMO Guidelines - Immunotherapy Indications, https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/cancer↩︎
ASCO - Patient Assessment Criteria, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.3500↩︎
NCCN Guidelines - Biomarker Testing, https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/biomarkers.pdf↩︎
College of American Pathologists - Tissue Handling, https://www.cap.org/protocols↩︎
香港私家醫院聯會 - Cost Transparency, https://www.phahk.org/en/cost-transparency↩︎
保險業監管局 - Insurance Claims Guide, https://www.ia.org.hk/tc/claims_guide↩︎
DrugBank - Immunotherapy Dosing, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs↩︎
RECIST Guidelines - Response Assessment, https://recist.eortc.org↩︎
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer - Patient Diary, https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/9/e005357↩︎
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology - Red Flag Symptoms, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-021-00566-7↩︎
Nutrition and Cancer - Diet and Immunotherapy, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635581.2023.2223456↩︎
Oncologist - Food Safety During Immunotherapy, https://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/28/5/345↩︎
Journal of Clinical Oncology - Exercise Guidelines, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.3500↩︎
Psycho-Oncology - Mindfulness in Cancer, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1099-1611↩︎
ASCO - Survivorship Care Plans, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.3500↩︎
Endocrine Society - Long-term Endocrine Monitoring, https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/106/1/1/5897784↩︎
Lancet Oncology - Management of Recurrence, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045↩︎
NCCN Guidelines - Recurrent Cancer, https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/recurrent.pdf↩︎
Journal of Clinical Oncology - Late Toxicity Management, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.3500↩︎
Cancer Survivorship - Quality of Life, https://www.cancersurvivorship.org/qol↩︎
ESMO - Patient Selection for Immunotherapy, https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/cancer↩︎
香港醫院管理局 - Drug Funding Scheme, https://www.ha.org.hk/haho/ho/cad/Drug_Fund_List_TC.pdf↩︎
Journal of Clinical Oncology - Response Rates, https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.3500↩︎
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology - Immunotherapy vs Chemotherapy, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-021-00566-7↩︎
Lancet Oncology - Duration of irAEs, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045↩︎
RECIST Guidelines - Response Assessment, https://recist.eortc.org↩︎
CDC - Vaccination During Immunotherapy, https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/immunotherapy/vaccination.html↩︎
NCCN Guidelines - Recurrent Cancer, https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/recurrent.pdf↩︎
香港醫院管理局 - Public Hospitals List, https://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=0&Dimension=100&Lang=TC↩︎
香港私立醫院協會 - Member Hospitals, https://www.phahk.org/en/member-hospitals↩︎
香港消費者委員會 - Choosing Cancer Hospitals, https://www.consumer.org.hk/health/cancer-hospitals↩︎
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - Future Trends, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-024-00012-5↩︎